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. 2019 Nov 27;6(11):191394. doi: 10.1098/rsos.191394

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© 2019 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 4. — Fossil record of extinct species (n = 388). (a) Number of pinniped occurrences of extinct species through calendar years. We identified years with outstanding publications of fossil occurrences, which are indicated by numbers. 1: Repenning and Tedford (1977); 2: Koretsky (2001); 3: Kohno and Ray (2008). (b) Number of published occurrences per extinct species. Abbreviations: 1. Ontocetus emmonsi (n = 62); 2. Leptophoca proxima (n = 33); 3. Praepusa vindobonensis (n = 17); 4. Imagotaria downsi (n = 17); 5. Cryptophoca maeotica (n = 14); 6. Homiphoca capensis (n = 14); 7. Callophoca obscura (n = 13); 8. Monachopsis pontica (n = 13); 9. Callorhinus gilmorei (n = 10); 10. Phocanella pumila (n = 10); 11. Dusignathus santacruzensis (n = 8); 12. Pliophoca etrusca (n = 8); 13. Pithanotaria starri (n = 8); 14. Pontophoca sarmatica (n = 7); 15. Gryphoca similis (n = 5); 16. Prophoca rousseaui (n = 5); 17. Allodesmus kernensis (n = 5); 18. Pachyphoca ukrainica (n = 4); 19. Thalassoleon mexicanus (n = 4); 20. Dusignathus seftoni (n = 4); 21. Thalassoleon macnallyae (n = 4); 22. Pteronarctos goedertae (n = 3); 23. Australophoca changorum (n = 3); 24. Praepusa pannonica (n = 3); 25. Platyphoca vulgaris (n = 3); 26. Batavipusa neerlandica (n = 3); 27. Desmatophoca oregonensis (n = 3); 28. Enaliarctos emlongi (n = 3); 29. Acrophoca longirostris (n = 3); 30. Allodesmus sinanoensis (n = 3); 31. Nanophoca vitulinoides (n = 3); 32. Enaliarctos mealsi (n = 2); 33. Piscophoca pacifica (n = 2); 34. Pteronarctos piersoni (n = 2); 35. Frissiphoca aberrantum (n = 2); 36. Pontolis magnum (n = 2); 37. Gomphotaria pugnax (n = 2); 38. Prototaria primigenia (n = 2); 39. Gryphoca nordica; 40. Titanotaria orangensis (n = 2); 41. Allodesmus demerei; 42. Pliopedia pacifica (n = 2); 43. Hydrarctos lomasiensis (n = 2); 44. Monotherium wymani (n = 2); 45. Proterozetes ulysses (n = 2); 46. Pelagiarctos thomasi (n = 2); 47. Enaliarctos mitchelli (n = 2); 48. Aivukus cedrosensis (n = 2); 49. Enaliarctos tedfordi (n = 2); 50. Pinnarctidion bishopi (n = 2); 51. Valenictus imperialensis (n = 2); 52. Pinnarctidion rayi (n = 2); 53. Phoca moori (n = 2); 54. Properyptychus argentinus (n = 1); 55. Brachyallodesmus packardi (n = 1); 56. Neotherium mirum (n = 1); 57. Virginiaphoca magurai (n = 1); 58. Noriphoca gaudini (n = 1); 59. Praepusa magyaricus (n = 1); 60. Odobenus mandanoensis (n = 1); 61. Prototaria planicephala (n = 1); 62. Allodesmus naorai (n = 1); 63. Eotaria citrica (n = 1); 64. Oriensarctos watasei (n = 1); 65. Pontophoca simionescui (n = 1); 66. Otaria fischeri (n = 1); 67. Atopotarus courseni (n = 1); 68. Pachyphoca chapskii (n = 1); 69. Miophoca vetusta (n = 1); 70. Desmatophoca brachycephala (n = 1); 71. Pseudotaria muramotoi (n = 1); 72. Pacificotaria hadromma (n = 1); 73. Thalassoleon inouei (n = 1); 74. Palaeotaria henriettae (n = 1); 75. Valenictus chulavistensis (n = 1); 76. Palmidophoca callirhoe (n = 1); 77. Archaeodobenus akamatsui (n = 1); 78. Eotaria crypta (n = 1); 79. Praepusa boeska (n = 1); 80. Hadrokirus martini (n = 1); 81. Enaliarctos barnesi (n = 81); 82. Histriophoca alekseevi (n = 1); 83. Proneotherium repenningi (n = 1); 84. Eumetopias kishidai (n = 1); 85. Messiphoca mauretanica (n = 1); 86. Frisiphoca affine (n = 1); 87. Protodobenus japonicus (n = 1); 88. Allodesmus kelloggi (n = 1); 89. Afrophoca libyca (n = 1); 90. Devinophoca claytoni (n = 1); 91. Auroraphoca atlantica (n = 1); 92. Platyphoca danica (n = 1); 93. Sarmatonectes sintsovi (n = 1); 94. Devinophoca emryi (n = 1); 95. Allodesmus megallos (n = 1); 96. Kamtschatarctos sinelnikovae (n = 1); 97. Necromites nestoris (n = 1); 98. Allodesmus uraiporensis (n = 1); 99. Neophoca palatina (n = 1); 100. Kawas benegasorum (n = 1); 101. Pontophoca jutlandica (n = 1); 102. Nanodobenus arandai (n = 1).