(A) Schematic diagram of the prophylactic experimental design. Humanized mice were challenged with HIV-1 JRCSF at 2 h post-treatment with PBS, CP24 and IBP-CP24. Mice were then injected with PBS, CP24 and IBP-CP24 peptides once at 6 h post-infection and then once every day for 3 consecutive days. (B) Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were monitored at indicated time points in mice treated with PBS, CP24 or IBP-CP24. Shown are combined viremic data of two independent experiments. Each line represents a single mouse. (C) Summary of prophylactic protection of CP24 and IBP-CP24. Shown are summarized data of 2 independent experiments. PBS, n = 8; CP24, n = 8; IBP-CP24, n = 7. (D and E) Cell-associated HIV-1 DNA (D) and RNA (E) in human cells from mouse spleen and bone marrow were quantified by real-time PCR. All mice were terminated at day 28 post-infection. Shown are representative data of one independent experiment. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Log-rank test (C) or unpaired, 2-tailed t test (D and E) was performed. *P<0.05, ** P<0.01.