(A-D & G,H) Resveratrol prevents HG-induced collagen type I alpha 1, DDR2 and TGF-β1 expression in VSMCs. Pre-treatment of cells with 50 μM resveratrol followed by HG for 12 h reduced: (A and B) HG-induced increase in collagen type I alpha 1 expression. *p< 0.05 vs control, ## p< 0.01 vs HG (One-way ANOVA p< 0.05). (C and D) HG-induced increase in DDR2 expression. *p< 0.05 vs control, ## p< 0.01 vs HG (One-way ANOVA p< 0.05). (E and F) Vascular smooth muscle cells were transiently transfected with DDR2 overexpression vector. Post-transfection, following revival and serum deprivation, the cells were pre-treated with resveratrol for 1 h, followed by stimulation with HG for 12 h. Collagen type I alpha 1 protein was examined by western blot analysis.*** p<0.001 vs. control, ### p<0.001 vs. HG, ††† p<0.001 vs. HG+RESV. (G and H) HG-induced increase in TGF-β1 protein expression. ***p< 0.001 vs. control, ### p< 0.001 vs. HG (One-way ANOVA p< 0.05). (I and J) Vascular smooth muscle cells were pre-treated with resveratrol for 1 hr, followed by stimulation with HG and exogenously added recombinant TGF-β1. Protein expression levels of collagen type I alpha 1 and DDR2 were examined at 12 h by western blot analysis. *** p<0.001 vs. control, ### p<0.001 vs. HG, ††† p<0.001 vs. HG+RESV (For DDR2 and collagen type 1 alpha 1). (One-way ANOVA p< 0.05). Data are representative of three independent experiments with SD, n = 3. Error bars represent SD.