Top: Electrical circuit wiring diagram for valves, relays and Arduino board. This wiring diagram shows that all solenoid valves (z, v) and the two 16-channel relay board (b) are powered through the 12 V DC power supply (80 W, 12 V / 6,67 A). The four-channel relay is powered through the Arduino board which receives a 5 V power supply from the USB cable. The gray boxes indicate that this circuit is replicated for each valve in parallel. The relays receive digital signals from the Arduino boards (dotted lines) and switch the contacts from NC (normally closed) to NO (normally open) which brings the solenoid valve into a different state. A flyback diode is necessary for the 2/2 solenoid valves to protect from voltage spikes. Bottom: Photographic wiring scheme of circuit. (1) Ground conductor is connected to all black lines through the soldered screw block on the stripboard (k, l). (2) The 12 V phase conductor (red) is connected to all yellow lines through the other soldered screw terminal block. These yellow wires carry 12 V to power the 16-channel relay board (b), the individual 3/2 solenoid valves (z) and the 2/2 solenoid valves (v). (3) The 4-channel relay board (a) is powered through the 5 V output pin of the Arduino board (c) which is supplied through the USB-cable from the PC.