Table 2. Tumor promoting and tumor suppressor activity of FBP1/2.

I. Tumors originating in non-gluconeogenic tissues
	Alteration in tumor tissue	Biological effect
FBP1	Primary tumors Enhanced in different histological breast cancer subtypes [72] Reduced in cholangiocarcinoma [83], gastric cancer [84], pancreatic cancer [73], NSCLC [75] and cervical carcinoma [85] Reduced in basal-like breast cancer but not luminal type breast cancer [71] Low expression associated with poor survival in breast cancer [72], gastric cancer [81], pancreatic cancer [73], NSCLC [75], and cervical carcinoma patients [85] Inversely correlated with tumor grade in pancreatic cancer tissue [74] Metastases/tumor initiating cells Reduced in lung cancer stem cells compared to non-stem cell cancer cells [76]	In vitro Overexpression reduces proliferation and invasion in NSCLC cells, particularly under hypoxia [75] Overexpression reduces tumorsphere formation and suppresses proliferation of breast cancer cells in severe hypoxia [71] Overexpression reduces/silencing enhances proliferation in breast cancer [72], cholangiocarcinoma [83], cervical carcinoma [85], pancreatic cancer [73,74] and colon carcinoma cells [86] Overexpression reduces/silencing enhances migration in breast cancer cells [72,87] Overexpression enhances/silencing reduces apoptosis in breast cancer [88] and cholangiocarcinoma cells [83] Restoration of FBP1 in gastric cancer cell lines inhibits proliferation and EMT [81] In vivo Overexpression reduces cholangiocarcinoma [83], NSCLC [75] and breast cancer xenograft growth [71] Overexpression reduces tumor growth from lung cancer stem cells [76]
FBP2	Primary tumors Reduced in gastric cancer [82] Low expression associated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients [82] Metastases/tumor initiating cells Increased in human breast cancer brain metastases compared to paired samples of primary breast cancer [50] Increased in brain metastatic cancer cells compared to parental breast cancer cells [50]	In vitro FBP1/2 silencing reduces survival and proliferation of metastatic breast cancer cells under glucose deprivation [50] Overexpression reduces proliferation of gastric cancer cells [82] In vivo FBP1/2 silencing delays the growth of breast cancer metastases in the brain [50] Overexpression reduces gastric cancer xenograft growth [82]
II. Liver and kidney cancer
	Alteration in tumor tissue	Biological effect
FBP1	Reduced in HCC [61,63,69,77–80], and renal cell carcinoma [63,69,89] Low expression associated with poor survival in HCC [77–80] and renal cell carcinoma patients [69]	In vitro Overexpression reduces spheroid formation [77], proliferation [78,79,86,90,91], colony formation [78] and EMT [80] in HCC cells Overexpression reduces proliferation and migration in renal cell carcinoma cells [69] In vivo Overexpression reduces tumor growth of HCC [77–79,90,91] and renal cell carcinoma [69]