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. 2019 Dec 5;10:5569. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13545-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

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Fig. 1 — Photocurrent detected magnetic resonance (PDMR) mechanism and readout. a Single photon excitation. Excited state (ES) can relax to either ground state (GS) or metastable state (MS). Intersystem crossing (ISC) to MS is dependent on the spin state in ES, thus GS is polarized. b Second photon ionizes the defect and introduces a free electron in the conduction band (CB). c Recharging of the defect from valence band (VB) and separation of charges lead to a photocurrent.