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. 2019 Dec 5;2:453. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0697-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — The four coloured lineages show significant shifts in floral phenotypic optima as estimated by OU-models; grey branches indicate lineages that remained within the same phenotypic optimum (adaptive plateau). Note that regime shifts for two buzz-bee species (Meriania aurata, M. sp. nov) only occurred in 35% of rarefaction cases, while all vertebrate pollinated species shifted regime more than 50% of times. Flowers of extant taxa exemplify Merianieae floral diversity: (1) Graffenrieda weddellii, (2) Meriania longifolia, (3) M. drakei, (4) M. maxima, (5) M. inflata, (6) Adelobotrys adscendens, (7) M. aurata, (8) M. radula, (9) Axinaea confusa, (10) M. loxensis, (11) A. affinis.