Skip to main content
. 2019 Nov 29;10:1415. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01415

Table 2.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activity of snake venom cathelicidins against standard and clinical isolate bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

Peptide name Bacterial strains Activity (µg.mL-1) Reference
Antibacterial Antibiofilm Cytotoxic
NA-CATH Burkholderia thailandensis 3.6** >3.6** NT (Blower et al., 2015)
Staphylococcus aureus 2.9** 10** >100 (horse erythrocytes) (Dean et al., 2011)
Cathelicidin-BF Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 2.3* NT >400 (murine macrophages RAW 264.7 and human hepatic tumor cells HepG2; human erythrocytes) (Wang et al., 2008)
Bacillus cereus 1.2*
Bacillus pumilus 9.4*
Bacillus subtilis 9.4*
Enterococcus faecium 150*
Escherichia coli 0.6–2.3*
Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.3–9.4*
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.2–18.7*
Pseudomonas luteola 1.2*
Salmonella typhi 1.2*
Sacharibacillus kuerlensis 4.7*
Serratia marcescens >400*
Sphingobacterium siyangense 9.4*
S. aureus 4.7– > 400*
OH-CATH Acinetobacter baumannii 16* NT >415 (human erythrocytes) (Zhao et al., 2008)
(Zhang et al., 2010)
(Falcao et al., 2014)
E. coli 0.25–20*
Enterobacter aerogenes 2–4*
Enterobacter cloacae 1–8*
Enterococcus faecalis 64– > 128*
K. pneumoniae 8*
P. aeruginosa 0.5–16*
S. aureus 4–64*
Pt_CRAMP1 A. baumannii 16* NT 210 (human erythrocytes) (Falcao et al., 2014)
E. faecalis 32–64*
E. coli 2–16*
K. pneumoniae 32*
P. aeruginosa 8–32*
S. aureus 32–64*
Streptococcus pyogenes 16*
Crotalicidin (Ctn) A. baumannii 16* NT >415 (erythrocytes; macrophages RAW 264.7) (Falcao et al., 2014) (Oliveira-Júnior et al., 2018)
(Pérez-Peinado et al., 2018)
E. faecalis 32–128*
E. coli 0.25–16*
K. pneumoniae 4–16*
P. aeruginosa 1–16*
S. aureus 32*
S. pyogenes 16*
Batroxicidin (BatxC) A. baumannii 16* NT >425 (erythrocytes; macrophages RAW 264.7) (Falcao et al., 2014) (Oliveira-Júnior et al., 2018)
E. faecalis 32–128*
E. coli 0.25–16*
K. pneumoniae 8–16*
P. aeruginosa 1–16*
S. aureus 32*
S. pyogenes 16*
Hc-CATH A. baumannii >200* NT >200 (mouse macrophages of the normal cell line (L929), human liver tumor cells (HepG2), prostate cancer cells (PC3), and human erythrocytes) (Wei et al., 2015)
B. cereus 9.4*
B. subtilis 75*
E. faecalis >200*
E. faecium 37.5*
E. coli 2.3–9.4*
Klebsiella oxytoca 4.7*
K. pneumoniae 4.7–75*
Proteus mirabilis 4.7*
Proteus vulgaris >200*
P. aeruginosa 18.7– >200*
Salmonella paratyphi 4.7*
S. marcescens >200*
Shigella dysenteriae 0.6*
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 9.4– > 200*
S. aureus 4.7– > 200*
Staphylococcus epidermidis >200*
CATHPb1 B. cereus 1.17* NT >100 (human erythrocytes; normal human liver cells HL-7702 and mouse peritoneal macrophages MPMs). (Cai et al., 2018)
Dysentery bacillus 1.17*
E. faecalis 75*
E. faecium 9.38*
E. coli 9.38* 2.5** and 37.5***
K. oxytoca 75* 6.25** and 25***
K. pneumoniae 18.75* NT
Nocardia asteroids 9.38*
P. aeruginosa 9.38–37.5* 6.25** and 44***
S. paratyphi 18.75* NT
S. aureus 4.69–37.5* 7–11.8** and 30.5–55.3***
S. epidermidis 18.75* NT
S. maltophilia 4.69*
SA-CATH B. cereus 4.69* NT >200 (human erythrocytes; human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and mouse peritoneal macrophages MPMs) (Wang et al., 2019)
B. subtilis 18.75*
E. faecium 37.5*
E. coli 18.75–75* 40**
K. pneumoniae 37.5* NT
N. asteroids 37.5*
P. aeruginosa 37.5*
Shigella dysenteriae 37.5*
S. aureus 75*

*MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; **IC50, minimal concentrations resulting in 50% of inhibition; and ***EC50, minimal concentrations resulting in 50% of eradicated preformed biofilms; NT, not tested.