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. 2019 Dec 6;4:58. doi: 10.1038/s41392-019-0091-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — MKP-1 alleviated synaptic and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. a–c Spatial learning and memory assessed by the Morris water maze test in wild-type (WT) and APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice at the age of 9 months after overexpression of MKP-1 by AAV_MKP-1 or knockdown of MKP-1 by AAV_shMKP-1. The escape latency to the hidden platform a during the spatial learning period. **p < 0.01 by two-way ANOVA. The number of entries into the platform zone b and the time spent in the hidden platform-located quadrant c during the probe test in absence of the hidden platform in mice. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 by one-way ANOVA. n = 7–12 in each group. d–f Spatial learning and memory as assessed by the Morris water maze test in WT and AD mice at the age of 12 months after overexpression of MKP-1 by AAV_MKP-1 or knockdown of MKP-1 by AAV_shMKP-1. The escape latency to the hidden platform d during the spatial learning period. ***p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA. The number of entries into the platform zone e and the time spent in the hidden platform-located quadrant f during the probe test in absence of the hidden platform in mice. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA. n = 10 in each group. g–i Hippocampal CA1 LTP recorded from brain slices of WT and AD mode mice at the age of 12 months after overexpression of MKP-1 by AAV_MKP-1 or knockdown of MKP-1 by AAV_shMKP-1. **p < 0.01 by one-way ANOVA. n = 4 to 10 slices from three mice in each group. j–m Transmission electron microscopic analysis was performed to examine the changes in synapse numbers k, PSD thickness l and spine width m in the hippocampus of WT and AD mice at the age of 12 months after overexpression of MKP-1 by AAV_MKP-1 or knockdown of MKP-1 by AAV_shMKP-1. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA. n = 4 in each group.