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. 2019 Nov 29;10:1401. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01401

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Copyright © 2019 Scriboni, Couto, Ribeiro, Freires, Groppo, de Paula, Franz-Montan and Cogo-Müller

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Free and liposome-encapsulated VAN formulations for their inhibitory effects on S. aureus ATCC 29213 biofilm adherence. Mean ( ± SD) optical density values of S. aureus biofilms treated with different concentrations of VAN encapsulated into LUV VAN (A), LUV_fuso VAN (B), LUV_cat VAN (C), or free VAN solution (D). The asterisk “*” indicates statistically significant difference between the drug treatment and its respective untreated control at p < 0.05 (One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).