Table 1.
Demographic characteristics.
| AS | TD | T/X2 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age mean (SD) | 9.43 (3.72) | 9.62 (3.71) | T = .155, | .879 | |
| Males n (%) | 8 (40.0) | 9 (45.0) | X2 = .102, | .749 | |
| Adaptive Behavior Composite score VABS standard score mean (SD) | 43.95 (9.17) | – | – | – | |
| Able to walk unaided n (%)a | 7 (37) | 20 (100) | 18.25 | <.001 | |
| Ever experienced tonic–clonic seizures | 9 (45) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced absence seizures | 20 (100) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced clonic seizures | 4 (20) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced myoclonic seizures | 7 (35) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced tonic seizures | 2 (10) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced atonic seizures | 9 (45) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced focal seizures | 6 (30) | – | – | – | |
| Ever experienced unknown classification of seizures (e.g. epileptic spasms) | 3 (15) | – | – | – | |
| Medically refractory epilepsyb | 3 (20) | – | – | – | |
| Using medication to aid sleep n (%)c | 13 (65.0) | – | – | – | |
| Medication helpful to aid sleepd | 10 (76.9) | – | – | – | |
| Maternal educatione | Fewer than 5 GCSE’s or O Level’s (grades A–C), NVQ 1 or, BTEC First Diploma | 2 (10.0) | 0 | X2 = 2.42 | .658 |
| 5 or more GCSE’s or O Level’s (grades A–C), NVQ 2, or equivalent | 2 (10.0) | 2 (10.5) | |||
| 3 or more “A” Levels, NVQ 3, BTEC National, or equivalent | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.3) | |||
| Polytechnic/university degree, NVQ 4, or equivalent | 11 (55.0) | 10 (52.6) | |||
| Masters/doctoral degree, NVQ 5, or equivalent | 4 (20.0) | 6 (31.6) | |||
| Family incomef | Less than £15,000 | 2 (10.5) | 0 | 6.78 | .342 |
| £15,001 to £25,000 | 2 (10.5) | 4 (21.1) | |||
| £25,001–£35,000 | 2 (10.5) | 1(5.3) | |||
| £35,001–£45,000 | 4 (21.1) | 2 (10.5) | |||
| £45,001–£55,000 | 2 (10.5) | 6 (31.6) | |||
| £55,001–£65,000 | 3 (15.8) | 1 (5.3) | |||
| £65,001 or more | 4 (21.1) | 5 (26.3) | |||
One missing response AS group.
Defined as defined as inadequate seizure control despite appropriate medical therapy with at least 2 Anti-epilepsy drugs in maximally tolerated doses for 18 months–2 years, or adequate seizure control with unacceptable drug-related side effects (29) 5 missing responses.
One parent indicated that clobazam administered in the evening was helpful to aid sleep. Included this response in using medication to aid sleep. Clobazam was administered to three other children in the absence of other medication to aid sleep. As no comment of its efficacy for sleep was reported, these three children were excluded from the total.
One missing response AS group.
One missing response TD group.
One missing response AS group, 1 missing response TD group.