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. 2019 Aug 8;47(16):8362–8374. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz688

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Presumed secondary structures of optimized anti-VEGF₁₆₅ and anti-IFNγ UB-DNA aptamers containing two Ds bases. The G–C pairs shown in blue are changed from the A–T pairs or newly added in each original aptamer selected by ExSELEX, to strengthen the stability of the aptamer stem region. Mini-hairpin DNA sequences (CGCGAAGCG or CGCGTAGCG) shown in red also contribute to enhance the thermal stability of each aptamer, without any loss of binding affinity to the target. The thymidines within the mini-hairpin DNA sequences are used as the biotinylation sites.