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Interaction between biological sex and sexual teen dating violence perpetration for empathy. Time is from middle school (time points 0, 1, 2, 3) to high school (time points 4 and 5). Empathy scores range from 0 to 20 with higher scores indicating more frequent empathic behaviors. Self-reported age, race/ethnicity, and maternal education, history of trauma, family conflict, bullying perpetration, and impulsivity were controlled for during analyses.
