TABLE 6.

Simple slopes for all protective factors across male and female perpetrator status

	Female perpetratorsb (SE)	Female nonperpetratorsb (SE)	Male perpetratorsb (SE)	Male Nonperpetrators b (SE)	Wald test Female perp/female nonperp Wald (df)	Wald test Male perp/male nonperp Wald (df)	Wald test Male/Female perpetrator Wald (df)
Empathy
Verbal teen dating violence (TDV)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Relational TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Phy/Threat TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Sexual TDV*	0.33 (0.08)*	0.37 (0.031)*	0.14 (0.07)	0.40 (0.04)*	0.23 (1)	13.40 (1)*	3.65 (1)*
Social support
Verbal TDV*	0.18 (0.04)*	0.12 (0.04)*	0.03 (0.05)	0.17 (0.04)*	2.64 (1)	11.90 (1)*	14.60 (1)*
Relational TDV*	0.29 (0.06)*	0.14 (0.04)*	0.03 (0.07)	0.11 (0.04)*	8.04 (1)*	1.47 (1)	10.7 (1)*
Phy/Threat TDV*	0.16 (0.04)*	0.14 (0.04)*	−0.05 (0.06)	0.13 (0.04)*	0.04 (1)	10.70 (1)*	13.10 (1)*
Sexual TDV*	−0.06 (0.07)	0.17 (0.04)*	−0.19 (0.06)*	0.16 (0.04)*	12.70 (1)*	33.90 (1)*	2.35 (1)
Parental monitoring
Verbal TDV*	−0.05 (0.06)	0.19 (0.06)*	0.03 (0.07)	0.10 (0.06)	28.0 (1)*	1.74 (1)	2.85 (1)
Relational TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Phy/Threat TDV*	−0.30 (0.08)*	0.16 (0.06)*	−0.14 (0.08)	0.09 (0.06)	60.50 (1)*	9.76 (1)*	0.83 (1)
Sexual TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
School belonging
Verbal TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Relational TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Phy/Threat TDV	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Sexual TDV*	0.10 (0.04)*	0.11 (0.02)*	0.02 (0.03)	0.16 (0.02)*	0.05 (1)	21.50 (1)*	3.58 (1)*

A dash (—) indicates simple slopes were not estimated given a nonsignificant interaction.

b = simple slope parameter estimate; SE = standard error; Wald(df) = the Wald test of parameter constraints test between simple slopes with the (degrees of freedom).

^aSelf-reported age, race/ethnicity, and maternal education, history of trauma, family conflict, bullying perpetration, and impulsivity were controlled for during analyses.

^bSignificant sex*TDV interaction for the respective protective factor.

^*p < .05.