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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2019 Oct 28;104(5):899–915.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.005

Figure 3. Chronic stress increases burst and tonic firing of LHb→VTA neurons.

Figure 3.

(A) Experimental design.

(B) Top: Injection-site of EIAV-Cre (red) in the VTA (left) and expression of ChR2-eYFP (green) in LHb→VTA neurons (right) (IP: interpeduncular nucleus, 3V: 3rd ventricle, MHb: medial habenula; DAPI: blue; Scale bars: 300 μm (left), 250 μm (right)). Bottom: Localizations of optrodes in LHb for CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (fr: fasciculus retroflexus, DG: dentate gyrus).

(C) Left: Action potential waveforms for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (Scale bars: 20 μV/0.5 ms (CTRLD0–1), 30 μV/0.5 ms (CMSD2–3)). Right: Mean action potential width for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (data represent means ± SEM).

(D) Normalized frequencies of interspike intervals for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice.

(E) Mean percentage of spikes in bursts recorded for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (* p < 0.05, data represent means ± SEM).

(F) Mean number of spikes per burst for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (* p < 0.05, data represent means ± SEM).

(G) Mean interburst frequencies for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (* p < 0.05, data represent means ± SEM).

(H) Mean intraburst frequencies for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (data represent means ± SEM).

(I) Mean tonic firing frequencies for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (** p < 0.01, data represent means ± SEM).

(J) Mean firing frequencies for LHb→VTA neurons in CTRLD0–1 (green) and CMSD2–3 (blue) mice (** p < 0.01, data represent means ± SEM).