Table 1.
Summary statistics of participants’ characteristics by APOL1 risk genotype group, among 10,366 black Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke participants
| Characteristic | APOL1 Risk Genotype | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 Risk Alleles (n=4327) | 1 Risk Allele (n=4719) | 2 Risk Alleles (n=1320) | |
| Agea | 64 (9) | 64 (9) | 63 (9) |
| Sex (%) | |||
| Male | 1658 (38) | 1840 (39) | 504 (38) |
| Female | 2669 (62) | 2879 (61) | 816 (62) |
| Education (%) | |||
| ≤ High school | 815 (19) | 960 (20) | 254 (19) |
| High school graduate | 1215 (28) | 1292 (27) | 368 (28) |
| Some college | 1159 (27) | 1236 (26) | 361 (27) |
| ≥ College graduate | 1132 (26) | 1227 (26) | 335 (25) |
| Income (%) | |||
| ≤$20,000 | 1136 (26) | 1259 (27) | 366 (28) |
| $20,000–$34,000 | 1189 (28) | 1220 (26) | 320 (24) |
| $35,000–$74,000 | 1106 (26) | 1198 (25) | 363 (28) |
| ≥$75,000 | 382 (9) | 448 (10) | 115 (9) |
| Refused | 514 (12) | 594 (13) | 156 (12) |
| Region | |||
| Stroke belt | 1410 (33) | 1606 (34) | 442 (34) |
| Stroke buckle | 786 (18) | 812 (17) | 232 (18) |
| Nonbelt | 2131 (49) | 2301 (49) | 646 (49) |
| Tobacco use (%) | |||
| Never | 1913 (44) | 2126 (45) | 630 (48) |
| Past | 1646 (38) | 1727 (37) | 469 (36) |
| Current | 751 (17) | 846 (18) | 210 (16) |
| Alcohol use (%) | |||
| None | 3001 (71) | 3326 (72) | 948 (73) |
| Moderate | 1099 (26) | 1150 (25) | 315 (24) |
| Heavy | 102 (2) | 122 (3) | 28 (2) |
| Chronic medical conditions | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 334 (8) | 360 (8) | 104 (8) |
| Chronic lung disease | 344 (8) | 378 (8) | 93 (7) |
| Coronary heart disease | 668 (16) | 714 (16) | 190 (15) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 221 (5) | 234 (5) | 49 (4) |
| Diabetes | 1294 (30) | 1460 (3) | 404 (31) |
| Dyslipidemia | 2276 (54) | 2567 (55) | 735 (56) |
| Hypertension | 3048 (71) | 3406 (72) | 947 (72) |
| Myocardial infarction | 509 (12) | 534 (12) | 137 (11) |
| Obesity | 2702 (63) | 2969 (63) | 837 (64) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 102 (2) | 118 (3) | 21 (2) |
| Stroke | 355 (8) | 350 (7) | 100 (8) |
| Biomarkersbc | |||
| ACR | 7.6 (4.6–18.3) | 8.0 (4.7–20.1) | 9.2 (4.9–26.0) |
| eGFR | 93 (76–107) | 91 (73–107) | 89 (72–106) |
| eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (%) | 518 (12) | 567 (12) | 179 (14) |
| hsCRP | 2076 (48.7) | 2307 (49.7) | 637 (48.9) |
Data are given as n (%) except where indicated. Significance was determined using chi-squared test, t test, or Wilcoxon tests. ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
a
Mean (SD).
b
Median (interquartile range).
c
eGFR in ml/min per 1.73 m2; ACR in milligrams per gram; hsCRP in milligrams per deciliter.