Figure 2.

Adjusted results: Estimated rates of early PD experience, late PD use and switches from HD to PD increased after the PPS, while switches from PD to HD declined modestly. (Panel A) Early PD experience reflects any PD use in the first 90 days of dialysis initiation and increased over the study period. (Panel B) Late PD use reflects stable PD use (≥60 consecutive days) in days 91–730 after dialysis initiation and also increased during 2006–2013. (Panel C) Dialysis modality switches among the subgroup of patients without early PD experience (i.e., only early HD experience), who switched to PD in days 91–730 after dialysis initiation, increased during 2006–2013. The subgroup of patients with early PD experience, who later switched to HD in days 91–730 after dialysis initiation, decreased during 2006–2013. A minority of patients with early PD experience were HD users at the start of the late use period and remained on HD days 91–730 after dialysis initiation; however, this misclassification did not affect our results. All estimates were generated from predicted probabilities over the pre- and post-PPS periods and in individual years, using appropriate intercept and slope parameters with fixed values of covariates centered at mean values. Note: The error bars in the figure panels display annual model-estimated PD use rate 95% confidence intervals which, in some cases, are small. HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PPS, Medicare prospective payment system for dialysis.