Figure 2.

hiPSC-ECs Have Dysfunctional Mitochondria

(A) PCA plot of expression of all metabolic genes acquired from RNA sequencing of hiPSC NCRM1, hiPSC-ECs NCRM1/L72/L99, and mature ECs (hMVECs).

(B) Heatmap of RNA-sequencing results of metabolic genes involved in the mitochondrial metabolism. Scale bar represents Z scores: blue indicates lower gene expression and red a higher gene expression.

(C–E) Using a Seahorse XF flux analyzer, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), an indicator of metabolic function, revealed mitochondrial dysfunction in three different hiPSC-EC cell lines (C). Both maximal mitochondrial respiration (D) and mitochondrial reserve capacity (E) were decreased (n = 4).

(F) Mitochondrial activity was also tested by MTT (n = 4).

Values are presented as mean ± SEM of n = 3–5 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was performed; ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.001, ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001.