Table 5.
HBV reactivation in MM patients (case series).
| Reference | Number of Patients (MM Patients) | Number of Patients with HBV Reactivation (MM Patients) | Definition of HBV Reactivation | Number of Patients Who Developed Hepatitis (MM Cases) | Antiviral Agents | Number of Patients Who Died of Hepatitis (MM Patients) | Risk Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endo (2000) [56] | 47 (13) | 3 (3) | Reappearance of HBsAg | 3 (3) | Not received | 0 | Steroid |
| Uhm (2007) [57] | 141 (53) | 7 (6) | Reappearance of HBsAg | 5 (N/A) | LAM | 0 | N/A |
| Matsue (2009) [58] | 81 (12) | 6 (1) | Reappearance of HBsAg | 4 (0) | LAM, ETV | 0 | N/A |
| Ceneli (2010) [59] | 90 (46) | 3 (3) | Reappearance of HBsAg with increase in HBV DNA level | 3 (3) | LAM | 0 | N/A |
| Yoshida (2010) [60] | 15 (15) | 2 (2) | HBV DNA level becomes detectable | 1 (1) | ETV | 0 | N/A |
| Borentain (2010) [61] | 84 (N/A) | 7 (1) | HBV DNA level becomes detectable | 7 (1) | LAM | 3 (1) | >1 line of chemotherapy |
| Lee (2015) [62] | 230 (230) | 12 (12) | Reappearance of HBsAg | 8 | LAM, ETV, TDF | 0 | ASCT, anti-HBs negative |
| Li (2015) [63] | 112 (112) | 2 (2) | Loss of anti-HBs and reappearance of HBsAg Increase of HBV DNA level | N/A | LAM, ETV | 0 | N/A |
| Takahashi (2015) [8] | N/A | 11 (4) | Reappearance of HBsAg or > 10-fold increase in HBV DNA or HBV-DNA level becomes detectable | 4 (2) | LAM, ETV | 4 (1) | N/A |
| Tsukune (2016) [64] | 99 (99) | 9 (9) | HBV DNA level becomes detectable | 0 | ETV | 0 | elevated serum albumin |
| Mochida (2016) [65] | 289 (N/A) | 20 (2) | HBV DNA level becomes detectable | N/A | ETV | N/A | N/A |
| Han (2016) [66] | 738 (54) | 23 (6) | Reappearance of HBsAg | N/A | ETV, TDF, LdT | 1 (0) | loss of anti-HBs, ALL, MM |
| Varma (2017) [67] | 107 (107) | 7 (7) | Reappearance of HBsAgor > 10-fold increase in HBV DNA | N/A | LAM, TDF | 0 | N/A |
| Tsukune (2017) [22] | 760 (760) | 58 (58) | HBV DNA level becomes detectable | 10 | LAM, ETV | 1 | ASCT, lenalidomide * |
| Ataca Atilla P (2019) [68] | 178 (178) | 8 (8) | Loss of anti-HBs and reappearance of HBsAg Increase of HBV DNA level | N/A | LAM, TDF | N/A | N/A |
* Lenalidomide significantly reduced risk of HBV reactivation. Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; anti-HBs, antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen; ASCT, autologous stem cell transplantation; ETV, entecavir; LAM, lamivudine, LdT, telbivudine; MM, multiple myeloma; TDF, tenofovir.