Table 1.
Autophagy markers showing significant association with survival in esophageal cancer
| Risk Factor | Expression Description | n | Prognostic Relevance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESCC | ||||
| LC3 * | High/Postive | 150 | (M, OS) OR 1.657, 95% CI; 1.048–2.622 | [35] |
| 43 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.032) | [36] | ||
| 129 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.0382) | [26] | ||
| 142 | Increased overall survival (p = 0.04) | [38] | ||
| Negative | 118 | Decreased overall survial (p = 0.021) | [43] | |
| Beclin-1 | Negative | 54 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.004) | [44,45] |
| 118 | (M, OS) HR 0.511, 95% CI; 0.299–0.874 | [43] | ||
| ULK1 | High | 248 | (M, OS) RR 2.220, 95% CI: 1.434–3.436 | [46] |
| Low | 86 | (U, OS) HR 1.754, 95% CI: 1.022–3.010 | [45] | |
| LC3, Beclin-1 | Positive, Positive | 150 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.038) | [35] |
| LC3A, p53 | High, High | 114 | (M, OS) HR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.536–6.183 | [39] |
| EAC | ||||
| LC3 | Low (Diffuse Cytoplasmic) | 104 | Decreased overall survival (p < 0.001) | [41] |
| High (Crescent or Ring-like) | 104 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.02) | ||
| High (Globular) | 104 | (M, OS NaN) HR 6.086, 95% CI: 3.179–11.653 | ||
| p62 (Cyto/Nuc) | Low/Low | 116 | (M, OS) HR 0.561, 95% CI: 0.329–0.956 | [42] |
| LC3B, p62 | Low, Low | 116 | (M, OS) HR 0.549, 95% CI: 0.330–0.914 | |
* Note: LC3 is assessed using antibodies against LC3, LC3A, LC3B, or cleaved LC3A; CI—confidence interval; Cyto—cytoplasmic; EAC—esophageal adenocarcinoma; ESCC—esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; HR—hazard ratio; LC3—microtubule associated protein light chain 3; M—multivariate analysis; NaN—Neoadjuvant Naïve; NaT—neoadjuvant therapy; Nuc—nuclear; OR—odds ratio; OS—overall survival; RR—relative risk; U—univariate analysis; ULK1—Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1.