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. 2019 Oct 24;11(11):1637. doi: 10.3390/cancers11111637

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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NGGAs modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and inhibit cell migration and invasion. (A) VNPP414 (414) and VNPP433-3β (433) induce expression of E-cadherin and decreased expressions of N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9, and Slug. (B) VNPP414 (414) and VNPP433-3β (433) decreased expressions of β-catenin, CD44, EZH2, BMI-1, and Nanog. (C) VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β inhibit PC cells migration. (D) VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β inhibit PC cells invasion. (E) Quantifications of inhibition of cell migration and invasion by VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β. Note: the numbers in parentheses in Figure 5A,B are concentrations of the agents in µM.