Figure 1.

Putative clinical implications emerging from the breakthrough exploration of intra-patient intratumor and circulating heterogeneity. (a) Step-wise delineation of translational and clinical implications via genome and transcriptome sequencing. (b) Medium-term clinical expectations: Progress from genomic and transcriptomic studies to sequencing of bulk multi-regional primary and metastatic tumor tissue and matched serial cfDNA within appropriately designed clinical trials promises to realize the initial phase of Precision Oncology. Innovative future translational research: Emerging advances in single-cell exploration of genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity could enable the precise selection of drug combinations.