Expression of c-Fos-IR cells in the ipsilateral and contralateral spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVN), medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), and prepositus hypoglossal nucleus (PrHN). (A) Vestibular nucleus. (B) Number of c-Fos-IR cells in the vestibular nucleus in the vehicle (unilateral labyrinthectomy with phosphate buffer) group. (C) Number of c-Fos-IR cells in the vestibular nucleus in the arsanilic acid (unilateral labyrinthectomy with arsanilic acid) group. (D) Expression of c-Fos-IR cells in the vestibular nucleus. There are few c-Fos-IR cells in SpVN/MVN/PrHN in the vehicle group (B,D). In the ipsilateral and contralateral SpVN/MVN/PrHN in the arsanilic acid group, a substantial number of c-Fos-IR cells can be seen on day 1 after surgery, with a maximum increase in number at 2 days and a gradual decrease to zero by 7 days (C,D). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. NS, not significant; one-way analysis of variance (ipsilateral vs. contralateral); c-Fos-IR cells were predominantly found in the ipsilateral SpVN and MVN and the contralateral PrHN. The box inserts show representative c-Fos-IR cells. Scale bar, 50 μm at lower magnification.