TGFβ is an upstream regulator of SERPINE1. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of SERPINE1 expression upon TGFβ treatment in U373 and A172 cells. (B) qRT-PCR analysis of SERPINE1 expression upon TGFβ inhibitor (Repsox and SB431542) treatment in U373 and A172 cells; (C) dispersal assay that shows TGFβ induces dispersal of U373 and A172 (n = 12 spheroids for each condition, scale bar: 300 µm). (D) Dispersal assay that shows Repsox or SB431542 reduce dispersal of U373 and A172 spheroids (n = 24 spheroids for each condition, scale bar: 300 µm); (E) SERPINE1 upregulation in dispersive cells in the presence of TGFβ inhibitor Repsox for U373 and A172 cells. (*, ** and *** denote p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively, two-tailed Student’s t-test).