1. Studies included and excluded from meta‐analysis of behavioural outcome.

	Adherence	Inhaler technique	Other behaviours
Studies included in the meta‐analysis and outcome measure used	Pharmacy records: Park 1996; Svarstad 2013; Weinberger 2002	Technique checklist: Basheti 2008; Bynum 2001; Mehuys 2008; Petkova 2008	Diabetes self‐care: Doucette 2009 Alcohol consumption: Dhital 2015 Activity impairment: Slater 2013
Studies excluded from the meta‐analysis with reasons for exclusion	Data poorly presented: Mehuys 2008 Mean change data: Armour 2007; Okada 2018 Median score data: Smith 2011 Dichotomous data: Garcia‐Cardenas 2013; Villeneuve 2010 Unvalidated measure: Crockett 2006; Paulos 2005; Petkova 2009	Dichotomous data: Cordina 2001; Garcia‐Cardenas 2013; Tommelein 2014	Dichotomous data for: quitting smoking: Burford 2013; Maguire 2001; Madurasinghe 2017 heroin use: Jaffray 2014 Mean change data for exercise: Okada 2018 Unvalidated measures for: sleep: Fuller 2016 exercise: Schmiedel 2015; Mansell 2016 self‐monitoring of blood glucose:Mansell 2016