2. Studies included and excluded from meta‐analysis of intermediate clinical outcomes.

	Asthma	Diabetes	CVD/hypertension	Other conditions
Studies included in the meta‐analysis with outcome measure used	ACQ/symptoms: Barbanel 2003; Garcia‐Cardenas 2013; McLean 2003; Mehuys 2008 FEV: Armour 2007 PEF variability: Basheti 2008; Petkova 2008; Weinberger 2002	HbA1c: Ali 2012; Kraemer 2012; Mehuys 2011; Mansell 2016; Nishita 2013; Planas 2012; Venkatesan 2012	SBP: Amariles 2012; Park 1996; Okada 2018; Svarstad 2013 Lipids‐LDL: Nola 2000; Tsuyuki 2016 ‐ RxEACH
Studies excluded from the meta‐analysis, with reasons for exclusion	Data poorly presented: Charrois 2006	Data mean change: Doucette 2009 Data interquartile range: Adepu 2007 Risk of diabetes: Schmiedel 2015	Dichotomous SBP data: Bond 2007; Tsuyuki 2002; Tsuyuki 2016 ‐ RxACT Cluster not accounted for: Skowron 2011 Mean change: Schmiedel 2015 Lipids data mean change: Paulos 2005; Villeneuve 2010	Non valid measure: Smith 2011 ‐ rhinitis; Petkova 2009 ‐ pain; Slater 2013 ‐ pain Interquartile range:Jaffray 2014

Abbreviations

ACQ: Asthma Control Questionnaire; FEV: forced expiratory volume ; HbA1c: glycosylated haemoglobin; LDL: low‐density lipoprotein; PEF: peak expiratory flow; SBP: systolic blood pressure