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. 2019 Dec 6;2019(12):CD011207. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011207.pub2

Garcia 2012.

Methods Design: cluster‐RT (by city; n = 20)
Groups: intervention group (management and prevention of STDs); control group (standard care)
Participants Pharmacies: 773
Pharmacy workers: 2292
Median age: 34.6 years
% female: 62%
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Pharmacy user: targeted through pharmacies (data available from 12930 young adults)
Setting: urban
Country: Peru
Interventions Pharmacy worker‐directed intervention: the intervention comprised 4 modalities:
    • strengthened STD syndromic management by pharmacy workers and clinicians;

    • mobile‐team outreach to female sex workers for sexually transmitted infection screening and pathogen‐specific treatment;

    • periodic presumptive treatment of female sex workers for trichomoniasis; and

    • condom promotion for female sex workers and the general population.

  • Delivered by: pharmacist and midwife team

  • Type: education materials, based on clinical practice guidelines; interactive meeting with role play, case studies

  • Mode of delivery: group of 8 to 10 pharmacy workers; written materials

  • Duration: 4 x 90‐minute luncheon training seminars on STD/HIV. Monthly follow‐up visits to discuss STD/HIV prevention and provide materials.

  • Follow‐up: 1, 3 and 6 months after training


Pharmacy worker control: usual treatment
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Pharmacy user‐directed intervention: not reported
Outcomes Pharmacy worker:
  • Uptake: not reported

  • Behavioural: simulated patients for management of STD


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Pharmacy user:
  • Clinical: infection with STD

  • Psychological health: not assessed

  • Behavioural: not assessed

  • Quality of life: not assessed

  • Process: not assessed

  • Costs: not assessed

Notes Study/intervention name: Peru‐PREVEN
Funding Source: Wellcome Trust and Burroughs Wellcome Fund, National Institues of Health, Centre for AIDS Research, CIPRA, and USAID‐Peru.
Garcia 2012 (cited under Garcia 2012) also reported on this study.
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Computer randomisation
Allocation concealment (selection bias) High risk Participants in outcome surveys were recruited after city randomisation, precluding allocation concealment
Baseline outcome measures similar Low risk Adjusted for in analysis
Baseline characteristics similar Low risk Adjusted for in analysis
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Missing data replaced with classification of negative composite endpoint
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk US and UK investigators masked until testing complete
Protection against contamination Low risk Cluster randomised
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk Primary and secondary outcomes reported
Other bias Low risk Not noted
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes High risk Fieldworkers and Peruvian study team could not be masked