Liambila 2010.
Methods | Design: cluster‐RT Groups: intervention (training on use of emergency contraceptives); control (standard care) |
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Participants | Pharmacies: 20 selected from 98 Pharmacy worker:
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Pharmacy user: not reported Setting: urban Country: Nairobi, Kenya |
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Interventions |
Pharmacy worker‐directed intervention: updating the private pharmacy providers on appropriate use of emergency contraceptives, how best to dispense it to users, family planning methods, referral for sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV testing and counselling. In‐pharmacy information for pharmacy workers and users
Pharmacy worker control: usual practice ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Pharmacy user‐directed intervention: advice on emergency contraceptives, family planning and STI management.
Pharmacy user control: usual treatment |
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Outcomes |
Pharmacy worker:
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Pharmacy user: not assessed |
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Notes | Study/intervention name: none given Funding source: William and Flora Hewlett Foundation |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Randomised, but method not specified |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information |
Baseline outcome measures similar | Low risk | No differences |
Baseline characteristics similar | Unclear risk | Little information |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information on missing data |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not clear if mystery clients were aware of groupings |
Protection against contamination | Low risk | Control and intervention in separate geographical areas |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Nothing noted |
Other bias | High risk | Not all baseline assessments completed before study commenced |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Intervention participants must have had awareness of grouping due to materials. |