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. 2019 Dec 6;2019(12):CD011207. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011207.pub2

Liambila 2010.

Methods Design: cluster‐RT
Groups: intervention (training on use of emergency contraceptives); control (standard care)
Participants Pharmacies: 20 selected from 98
Pharmacy worker:
  • mean age: information not provided

  • % female: intervention 67.4%; control 50.0%


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Pharmacy user: not reported
Setting: urban
Country: Nairobi, Kenya
Interventions Pharmacy worker‐directed intervention: updating the private pharmacy providers on appropriate use of emergency contraceptives, how best to dispense it to users, family planning methods, referral for sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV testing and counselling. In‐pharmacy information for pharmacy workers and users
  • Delivered by: research assistants

  • Type: education materials; reminders

  • Mode of delivery: individual face‐to‐face; written materials

  • TDF: knowledge, skills, environment, context and resources, behavioural regulation

  • Duration: weekly sessions over 2 months

  • Follow up: 2 months (end of intervention)


Pharmacy worker control: usual practice
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Pharmacy user‐directed intervention: advice on emergency contraceptives, family planning and STI management.
  • Delivered by: pharmacists

  • Type: medication management; information provision, behavioural advice

  • Mode of delivery: face‐to‐face

  • Duration: delivered over 3 months


Pharmacy user control: usual treatment
Outcomes Pharmacy worker:
  • Uptake: 20 of 98 pharmacies selected, all of which participated

  • Behavioural: mystery clients assessed pharmacist‐given information (on emergency contraceptives, offer of regular family planning services, talk about STIs/HIV and offer of STI services)


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Pharmacy user: not assessed
Notes Study/intervention name: none given
Funding source: William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Randomised, but method not specified
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk No information
Baseline outcome measures similar Low risk No differences
Baseline characteristics similar Unclear risk Little information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk No information on missing data
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Not clear if mystery clients were aware of groupings
Protection against contamination Low risk Control and intervention in separate geographical areas
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk Nothing noted
Other bias High risk Not all baseline assessments completed before study commenced
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes High risk Intervention participants must have had awareness of grouping due to materials.