Smith 2011.

Methods	Design: cluster‐RT Groups: intervention group (goal setting for allergic rhinitis); control group (standard pharmacy care)
Participants	Pharmacies: 20 (8 intervention; 12 control) Pharmacy workers: 38 (22 clinicians; 16 non‐clinicians) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Pharmacy user: 150 patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) (77 intervention; 77 control) mean age: intervention 38 (20 to 79) years; control 38 (21 to 78) years % female: intervention 65%; control 68% Setting: urban Country: Australia
Interventions	Pharmacy worker‐directed intervention: workshop covering the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR), the current 'Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma' (ARIA) guidelines and pharmacotherapy relating to specific AR symptoms. Also training in self‐management theory, goal setting and up‐skilling in patient counselling Delivered by: not stated Type: education meetings; based on clinical practice guidelines; role playing Mode of delivery: group TDF: knowledge, skills, environment resources and context Duration: 3‐hour workshop for all, with additional component for intervention pharmacists Pharmacy worker control: only received the workshop covering the pathophysiology of AR, the current ARIA guidelines and pharmacotherapy relating to specific AR symptoms. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Pharmacy user‐directed intervention: patients received an informational brochure and received a goals card titled ‘‘My Goals and Treatment Card’’ where two goals were stated: ‘‘Eliminate/minimise hay fever symptoms’’ and ‘‘Avoid/minimise hay fever triggers’’ to record what they experienced. Individually tailored strategies were developed from these data collaboratively between the participant and the pharmacist or assistant, and entered onto the goals card. Delivered by: pharmacist; pharmacist assistant Type: self‐management; goal setting Mode of delivery: individual face‐to‐face; written materials TDF: knowledge, skills, goals, environment, context, resources, behavioural regulation Duration: length of intervention: 10 days Follow‐up: 10 days (end of intervention) Pharmacy user control: usual treatment and a take‐home brochure on AR at follow‐up visit
Outcomes	Pharmacy worker: not assessed ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Pharmacy user: Clinical: AR symptom severity questionnaire (unsure whether validated) Psychological health: not assessed Behavioural: Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS); patient self‐report of adherence to medication over the 10‐day period (not validated) Quality of life: Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini RQLQ) Process: generic self‐efficacy for chronic disease management questionnaire adapted for its use in the current study (not validated) Costs: not assessed
Notes	Study/intervention name: Pharmacy Allergic Rhinitis Intervention Study (PARIS) Funding source: funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing as part of the Fourth Community Pharmacy Agreement Research & Development Program managed by the Pharmacy Guild of Australia
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomised, but method not specified
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomised, but method not specified
Baseline outcome measures similar	Low risk	No significant differences between groups
Baseline characteristics similar	Low risk	No significant differences between groups
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information on blinding
Protection against contamination	Low risk	Randomisation by pharmacists
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Only a small group of pharmacies
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Presumably pharmacy workers knew grouping