Table 2.

Receptors. This table describes known receptors that may be activated to transduce signals required for EMP modulation. Candidates that exhibit clinical correlation with lymph node metastasis are shown in bold.

Cell Line	Target	EMT Regulation	KD/KO/Over-expression	Pathway/Mechanism	Functional Assay	Prognostic Association	EMT Activator	Reference
L3.6pl	VEGFR1 activation	Positive, Direct		RTK VEGFR-1 activation induced SNAI1/2, TWIST	E-cadherin/b-catenin localization/WB	Not performed	VEGF	[95]
PANC-1, MiaPaCa-2	HTR1B, HTR1D	Positive, Indirect	siRNA	5-HT receptor knockdown reduced uPAR and Src/FAK signaling and EMT	Scratch wound, Transwell, Colony formation	Not performed	-	[126]
PANC-1 HPAC	IGF1R	Positive, Indirect	siRNA	IGF1R overexpressed in PDAC by IHC, silencing inhibits AKT/PI3K, MAPK, JAK/STAT signaling pathways	Transwell assays, soft agar, Proliferation, apoptosis, IHC of TMA	Not performed	-	[127]
L3.6pl, BxPC-3	DDR1	Positive, Direct	siRNA/ Over-expression	DDR1 expression correlates with CHD2 expression by IHC, DDR1-b signals through SHC1 adapter to PYK2 to induce CDH2	Invasion, IHC of PDAC TMA	Not performed	COL1A	[97]
PANC-1	SMO	Positive, Indirect	siRNA	Hedgehog activated in tumourspheres, SMO knockdown inhibited CSC/EMT features properties	Proliferation, sphere formation, Transwell assays, Xenograft	Not performed	-	[128]
PANC-1, BxPC-3	EPHA4	Positive, Direct	siRNA	EPHA4 knockdown suppressed EMT, MMP2 activity	Gelatin zymography, Transwell assays, scratch wound, WB	Not performed	-	[129]
CFPAC-1, AsPC-1	ITGB4	Positive, Direct	siRNA/Over-expression	ITGB4 IHC expression correlated with T stage, knockdown inhibited EMP	Transwell assays, WB, IHC of 134 PDAC tumours	Survival lymph node metastasis by IHC	TGFβ	[107]
PANC-1, MiaPaCa2, Capan2	F2R	Positive, Indirect	shRNA	F2R (PAR1) expression associated with mesenchymal gene signature	Xenograft, Scratch wound	Not performed	-	[130]