Table 8.
Post transcriptional effectors. This table describes factors that may post transcriptionally modulate EMP by controlling stability of mRNA and hence expression of effector proteins. Candidates that exhibit clinical correlation with lymph node metastasis are shown in bold.
| Cell Line | Target | EMT Regulation | KD/KO/Over-expression | Pathway/Mechanism | Functional Assay | Prognostic Association | EMT Activator | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miapaca-2, PANC-1, Patu-8988 | HNRNPA2B1 | Positive, Direct | shRNA/Over-expression | Knockdown epithelialized cells, Over-expression drove EMT through ERK/SNAI1 pathway | Cell viability, Transwell assays, PANC-1 Xenograft, EMT markers | Not performed | - | [188] |
| SW1990, BxPC-3 | YTHDF2 | Negative, Direct | shRNA | Knockdown reduced p-AKT, p-GSK-3b, promoted EMT, YAP knockdown reversed effect | Proliferation, Colony formation, Invasion, adhesion | Not performed | - | [189] |
| Panc-1, Patu8988 | Lnc TUG1 | Positive, Direct | shRNA | Lnc TUG1 sponges miR-382, preventing repression of ezh2 | Colony formation, Transwell assays, WB | Not performed | - | [190] |
| Gemcitabine resistant BxPC-3 | DYNC2H1-4 | Positive, Direct | siRNA | Lnc DYNC2H1-4 sponges miR-145, upregulating ZEB1, MMP3 and other CSC markers | Transwell assays, CSC markers, Xenograft | Not performed | - | [191] |
| ASPC-1, BxPC-3, PANC-1 | miR-23 | Positive, Direct | miRNAs | miR -23 promotes EMT by regulating ESRP1, miR-23 required for TGFβ induced EMT | WB, Transwell assays, Xenograft, qPCR of 52 paired PDAC tumour v normal | Survival by RNA | TGFβ | [192] |
| SW1990, PANC-1, BxPC-3, CAPAN-1 | NORAD | Positive, Direct | shRNA/Over-expression | Lnc NORAD acts as ceRNA of miR-125a-3p, enhancing RHOa and EMT | Scratch wound, Transwell assays, Xenograft | Not performed | Hypoxia | [193] |
| Panc-1 | Lnc H19 | Positive, Direct | siRNA | H19 antagonised LET-7, inducing HMGA-2 mediated EMT | Transwell assays, scratch wound, WB | Not performed | - | [194] |
| ASPC-1, BxPC-3 | LncRNA-ROR | Positive, Direct | shRNA/Over-expression | LncRNA-ROR expression induces ZEB1 and EMT | Scratch wound, Transwell assays, Xenograft | Not performed | - | [195] |
| PANC-1, BxPC-3, COLO357 | miR-100, miR -125b | Positive, Indirect | siRNA/CRISPR/Over-expression | TGFβ induced lnc-miR100HG, which codes for tumourigenic miR 100, miR125b and LET-7a. LIN28B also induced by TGFβ, suppresses LET-7a activity | miR Over-expression, Xenograft, Scratch wound, sphere formation, RNAseq, RIPseq | Survival by RNA | TGFβ | [109] |
| BxPC-3, PANC-1, CFPAC-1, SW1990 | miR-361-3p | Positive, Direct | Over-expression | miR-361-3p downregulates DUSP2, preventing inactivation of ERK1/2 | Orthotopic metastasis, Transwell assays | Survival by RNA | - | [196] |
| Sw1990 | miR-1271 | Negative, Direct | miR Mimics, Inhibitors | miR -1271 inhibited EMT and migration | Proliferation, Transwell migration invasion, xenograft | Not performed | - | [197] |
| Panc-1 | LSM1 | Positive, Indirect | Over-expression | Lsm1 (CaSm) induction induced EMT and proliferation, effecting apoptotic and metastasis gene expression | Proliferation, anoikis, Transwell assays, chemo-resistance, xenograft | Not performed | - | [198] |
| KPCY | MTDH | Positive, Indirect | siRNA | MTDH expression promoted CSC and metastasis, high cytoplasmic expression by IHC | Spheroid formation, orthotopic and metastatic xenograft models, IHC of 134 PDAC | Survival | - | [199] |
| ASPC-1, HS766t, BxPC-3 | LIN28B | Positive, Direct | shRNA | LIN28B IHC expression high in PDAC, suppression inhibited proliferation and EMT | Colony formation, Proliferation, migration, IHC of 185 PDAC tumours | Survival, stage, metastasis | - | [110] |