Figure 2.

Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress upregulates EMT-associated protein expression and downregulates epithelial marker expression. (A) SRA01/04 cells were treated with 0.1 µM TM, 0.1 µM TM and 0.25 mM PBA or 0.1 µM TM and 2 mM TUDCA for 24 h. (B) SRA01/04 cells were treated with 0.01 µM TG, 0.01 µM TG and 0.25 mM PBA or 0.01 µM TG and 2 mM TUDCA for 24 h. The expression levels of the EMT-associated markers fibronectin, vimentin, α-SMA, N-cadherin and E-cadherin were measured by western blot analysis (n=3). *P<0.05 vs. control. EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; TG, thapsigargin; TM, tunicamycin; PBA, 4-phenylbutyric acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholate; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin. N-cadherin, neural cadherin; E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; Con, control.