Table 4.
Association of cognition, vascular factors, and other characteristics with the risk of progression to any dementia/AD dementia
| Characteristics | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any dementia | AD dementia | |
| Cognition | ||
| RAVLT, immediate recall score | 0.94 (0.91–0.96) | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) |
| RAVLT, delayed recall score | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) | 0.82 (0.74–0.90) |
| Vascular factors | ||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.93 (0.86–0.99) | 0.93 (0.85–1.00) |
| Current smoking | 0.96 (0.54–1.69) | 1.05 (0.57–1.95) |
| Hypertension | 1.19 (0.81–1.75) | 1.01 (0.64–1.59) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.98 (0.65–1.47) | 0.90 (0.56–1.45) |
| Diabetes | 0.74 (0.44–1.25) | 0.70 (0.38–1.31) |
| CAIDE risk score | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) |
| CAIDE risk score with APOE | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.07 (0.87–1.33) |
| Other factors | ||
| MTA score > 1 | 1.53 (0.99–2.36) | 1.45 (0.88–2.39) |
| APOE ε4 genotype | 2.03 (1.18–3.46) | 2.50 (1.36–4.61) |
| Family history of dementia | 1.00 (0.67–1.48) | 1.04 (0.66–1.62) |
| Cornell score | 0.94 (0.89–0.99) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) |
HR (hazard ratios) (95% CI) are shown from Cox proportional hazard models with age as time scale. Models were adjusted for sex, education, and baseline MMSE score. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were defined as diagnosis of hypertension/hyperlipidemia and treatment with any antihypertensive/lipid-lowering drug. Family history of dementia included at least one affected first-degree relative. AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE apolipoprotein E, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CAIDE Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia Study, MTA medial temporal lobe atrophy, visual rating, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test