Table 1. Direct and indirect effects of the selected studies.
| Reference | Country (city) | Population (n) post-vaccine | Vaccine (years of investigation) | Effect | Resistance to antibiotics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bello González et al.(10) | Venezuela (Bolívar) | <5 years (n=84) | PCV 7* | High prevalence of the non-vaccine serotype 33F serotype (21.5%) in the carriage rates | No resistance to penicillin was detected |
| Post-vaccine (2008) | |||||
| Parra et al.(13) | Colombia (Bogotá) | 12-18 months (n=197) | PCV7 | Reduction of vaccine serotype† PCV7 (23.6% non-immunized to 7.6% in immunized children) | Resistance verified for invasive disease |
| Pre- and post-vaccine (2005-2009/2011) | |||||
| Increase in non-vaccine serotype‡ (24% non-immunized to 34% in immunized children) | |||||
| Hanke et al.(14) | Peru (San Marcos) | Up to 2 years (n=125) | PCV7 | Reduction of vaccine serotype† PCV7 (48% → 28.8%) in immunized children | Resistance to antibiotics did not change after vaccine implementation |
| Pre- and post-vaccine (2009/2011) | |||||
| Increase in non-vaccine serotype‡ (52% → 71.2%) in immunized children | |||||
| Andrade et al.(16) | Brazil (Goiânia) | 7-11 months/15 to 18 month (n=1,287) | PCV10 | Reduction of carriage status | Resistance to antibiotics was not verified |
| Post-vaccine (2010) | Reduction of vaccine serotype† of PCV10 | ||||
| Brandileone et al.(17) | Brazil (São Paulo) | 12-23 months (n=400) | PCV10 | Reduction of carriage status (>90%) | Resistance to antibiotics was not verified |
| Pre- and post-vaccine (2010/2013) | Reduction of vaccine serotype† PCV10 | ||||
| Andrade et al.(18) | Brazil (Salvador) | 6-23 months (n=53) | PCV10 | No change was observed in the carriage status | Resistance to antibiotics was not verified |
| Pre- and post-vaccine (2009/2013) |
* After use of PCV7 in the territory, since PCV13 was implemented in 2014 in the immunization program; † vaccine type; ‡ non-vaccine type.
PVC: pneumococcal vaccine.