Fig. 4.

High glucose increased cell permeability and apoptosis in HRGECs, whereas these effects were inhibited by AS-IV. a Cell viabilities in HRGECs were matured by MTT assay. All results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). b The permeability of HRGECs was evaluated by BSA clearance as described in methods. c HRGECs were stained using TUNEL or DAPI, bar = 50 μm. d Effect of HG on apoptosis in HRGECs was detected by TUNEL assay. ****p < 0.0001 vs. control; ###p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01 vs. HG; %%%p < 0.001, %%p < 0.01 vs HG + AS-IV