Figure 3. Roles of nursing professionals for parenting development and their dimensions. São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 2018.

DIMENSION 1   Promoter of parental role construction	- Conduct parental education by promoting knowledge to parental figures about the child’s growth and development, their motor, personal-social and language skills, videos and videotaping may be used as strategies. - Guide to stimulate children through touching, speaking and playing. - Identify temperament traits and how to manage them with reaffirmation of authority (apply rules, routine, rewards). - Promote parent-child interaction, facilitating parental figure understanding of children’s communication signals to promote emotional and cognitive development. - Enable increased satisfaction in parenting. - Enable reduction of maternal depression and stress related to parenting. - Provide support to positive parenting role, with guidance to improve parenting skills. - Provide early guidance on role transition. - Promote effective teaching of behavioral parent skills for easier incorporation of the role. - Assist parental figures in proper parenting management. - Encourage parents in their role of raising children. - Help parents solve problems, perform parent tasks and understand situations in the perspective of development. - Plan interventions in partnership with parents to strengthen marital and parental relationship. - Encourage parent reading for children for cognitive and language development. - Guide mothers about behaviors that promote family bonding, development and proper growth without disrespecting culture. - Positively reinforce all efforts made and gains achieved in the harmonious development of the child and healthy performance of the parental role. - Evaluate conflictual dimensions related to the role. - Plan family rituals. - Promote adaptive strategies – coping in the family. - Be aware of the dyad relationship between parental figures and children and possible behavioral problems. - Reduce behavioral problems in children, improve relationships between parental figures and children and prevent future problems. - Improve detection, support and referral of families and children with behavioral problems in their early stages. - Involve parental figures in decision-making and care process. - Identify and understand the main challenges and needs of parental figures in the exercise of parenting.
DIMENSION 2   Guidance and support for the implementation of physical health care	- Address concerns of mothers and family members about complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery, and physical health of babies. - Stimulate healthy growth and development of children. - Teach mothers and family members how to identify signs of health problems and clinical signs (temperature), and seek health centers in case of changes. - Perform early detection and treatment of disorders. - Evaluate women’s smoking habits and consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs, facilitating reduction of such use through behavioral strategies. - Teach women how to identify signs and symptoms of pregnancy complications, encourage women to inform health team about these conditions, and facilitate treatment completion. - Pay attention to urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, hypertensive disorders (conditions associated with poor birth conditions). - Help mothers and other caregivers improve physical and emotional care to their children. - Promote better preventive maternal care. - Promote the dissemination of information/resources about physical health and child development. - Provide care related to key areas for the promotion of child development. - Provide care that combines health promotion, disease prevention and clinical responsibility and actions targeting family members. - Analyze the presence of risk factors in the family. - Promote educational interventions in specific risk areas. - Provide health education about different topics: breastfeeding, feeding, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of accidents, recreational and leisure activities, hygiene and comfort care, bowel elimination pattern. - Emphasize the importance of observing the national immunization schedule and regular child/youth health visits. - Conduct nutritional assessment and provide guidance. - Guide postpartum mothers about newborn feeding and care.
DIMENSION 3   Guidance for promoting safe environment	- Conduct environmental education (housing hygiene and health promoting environment). - Provide guidance for the implementation of safe family environment (smoke detector, tap water temperature, protection on windows and stairs, safe place for children to sleep). - Instruct and encourage the family for home management (definition of monthly resources for food, transportation and items of basic needs). - Provide guidance to promote a place with an area where children can play, for their meals, promoting a daily routine. - Plan interventions in partnership with parents, creating an environment that contributes to development and well-being.
DIMENSION 4   Application of theories, principles and methods of maternal and child programs	- Conduct home visits. - Use protocols of family supervision programs. - Perform evaluation in a room for children exam. - Provide telephone support to answer questions. - Promote discussion groups with parental figures for specific themes. - Distribute explanatory material. - Visit the hospital during pregnancy and after the birth. - Supervise child development in a structured program of child monitoring in all stages of child development. - Apply program guidelines to visits. - Divide home visit time to cover all domains defined by the program. - Apply the theoretical framework that supports the program. - Support a specific number of cases, as defined in the program.
DIMENSION 5   Development of therapeutic relationships	- Develop friendly and trustful relationships with mothers and other family members. - Implement a therapeutic relationship with pregnant women to deal with interpersonal situations and problem resolution. - Offer emotional support, interest and attention to the mother/father and their baby. - Provide informational support about baby care. - Respect the decisions of parental figures. - Enhance self-esteem and independence of parental figures allowing them to take care of their children. - Provide nursing care that implies an interrelation with the child and family. - Promote expressive communication of emotions. - Learn about the needs and desires of parental figures.
DIMENSION 6   Implementation of maternal and child care management	- Manage complex clinical situations. - Manage and organize resources for maximum autonomy of those targeted by the intervention. - Assume the role of manager (of health/disease processes, of community resources), educator, emotional support, enabling family empowerment (at intrapersonal, interpersonal and organizational levels), with an intervention from the microsystem level to the macrosystem level. - Act in challenging and complex personal and social situations of families.
DIMENSION 7   Promotion of access to support network	- Help women build supportive relationships with family members and friends. - Link women and their families with other services. - Provide information about community resources that parental figures can use in child care. - Promote a connection with community services and resources. - Provide the family with guidance about social services. - Perform interprofessional actions with social workers.
DIMENSION 8   Guidance for the life course of parental figures	- Help women define their goals and solve problems that may affect the continuity of their education, job search and planning of future pregnancy. - Help women improve behavior related to health, care and life course development. - Promote building of social capital. - Promote household income management. - Promote improvements in the behavior of women and family members that affect the life course of parental figures.
DIMENSION 9   Use of scientific evidence to guide practice	- Use scientific methodology. - Use a child- and family-centered conceptual model. - Interact with families through an organized, dynamic and systematic method of critical thinking about family health. - Collect data about every family that allow problem identification and the formulation of nursing diagnoses. - Assume a comprehensive character, integrating perspectives and actions of technical and scientific nature that are specific to this period of development and that can fulfill emotional and social needs. - Have systemic models of family guidance that recognize the interdependence of processes affecting the family ability to ensure health development of family members. - Have deep and specialized knowledge about health, child development and methodologies allowing positive and interactive relationships with the parental figures.