. 2019 Nov 29;7:298. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00298

TABLE 5.

DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa selected by Zeta method.

Groups compared	DNA fragmentation (%)	Type of male donors/patients (n)	Fragmentation technique	References
Unsorted	19 ± 0.1	Patients (8)	AOF	Chan et al., 2006
Zeta	11 ± 0.1^∗

Unsorted	8 ± 2^∗	Donors (6)	TUNEL	Ainsworth et al., 2005
Zeta	3 ± 2

Unsorted	49.65 ± 15.1^a	Patients (60)	AOF	Kheirollahi-Kouhestani et al., 2009
DGC	32.65 ± 14.38^b
Zeta	28.85 ± 15.83^c
Unsorted	15.83 ± 8.14^a	Patients (55)	TUNEL
DGC	8.17 ± 4.23^b
Zeta	5.89 ± 3.92^c
Unsorted	50.43 ± 15.58^a	Patients (51)	SCD
DGC	33.58 ± 16.24^b
Zeta	29.21 ± 14.95^c

Unsorted	32.87 ± 8.65^a	Patients (77), 13, 61, and 26% (severe, moderate, and normospermic respectively)	SCD	Razavi et al., 2010
HA coated dish	30.94 ± 8.7^ab
Zeta	18.19 ± 8.64^b

Unsorted	21.97 ± 3.84^a	Patients (30)	TUNEL	Zarei-Kheirabadi et al., 2012
DGC	17.47 ± 3.52^b
DGC-Zeta	6.98 ± 1.45^c

Unsorted	17.7 ± 1.6^a	Fertile (10), infertile (26): terato- and asthenozoospermia	TUNEL	Zahedi et al., 2013
MACS-DGC	12.1 ± 1.7^b
DGC-Zeta	9.8 ± 1.2^b

Analysis of DNA fragmentation was conducted by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) test, Acridin Orange fluorescence (AOF), or TUNEL. Values of % of DNA fragmentation are expressed as % ± SEM or SD. ^∗P < 0.05 and different letters indicate differences between groups (P < 0.05).