TABLE 6.
DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa selected by IMSI.
| Groups compared | DNA fragmentation (%) | Type of male donors/patients (n) | Fragmentation technique | References |
| Normal nucleus | 15.9//33.1 | Patients (30) | TUNEL//AOF | Franco et al., 2008 |
| Large vacuoles | 29.1∗∗∗//67.9∗∗∗ | |||
| ICSI | 16.2 ± 8.8 | Patients: ICSI (139), IMSI (116) | TUNEL | Leandri et al., 2013 |
| IMSI | 16.4 ± 9.5 | |||
| Unsorted | 26.1 ± 1.5a | Infertile donors (8) (more than 13% of fragmented DNA spermatozoa) | TUNEL | Hammoud et al., 2013 |
| Motile 200x | 20.8 ± 2.7ab | |||
| Motile and normal Spermatozoa 200x | 18.7 ± 2.7ab | |||
| Motile and normal spermatozoa 6300x | 4.1 ± 1.1c | |||
| Morphometrically normal with anterior/posterior vacuoles 6300x | 15.9 ± 2.9b/22.5 ± 3.6ab | |||
| IMSI no vacuoles | 20.1//17.8 | Strict morphology index ≤ 4% (26) | AOF//TUNEL | Lavolpe et al., 2015 |
| IMSI vacuoles | 22.6−35.2∗//18.2−25.4 | |||
| IMSI No vacuoles | 6.1//3.6 | Strict morphology index ≥ 14% (20) | AOF//TUNEL | |
| IMSI Vacuoles | 4.9–36.2∗//5.2–16.2∗ | |||
Analyses of DNA fragmentation were conducted by, Acridin Orange fluorescence (AOF) or TUNEL. Values of % of DNA fragmentation are expressed as % ± SEM or SD. Values separated by double slash indicate correspondence to the employed method of DNA fragmentation in that column. In Lavolpe et al. (2015) % of DNA fragmentation are intervals according to different patterns of vacuole number, morphology, and distribution. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 and different letters indicate differences between groups (P < 0.05).