Table 2.
Summary table about exposure assays of some studies reviewed in section “Potential Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mechanisms in PM2.5-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.”
| Source of PM2.5 | Dose of PM2.5 exposure | Duration of exposure | Cell type | Antioxidant | Dose of antioxidant | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collected at Atlanta, USA, from March 1, 2004 to June 30, 2004 using Teflon filter | 0.1, 1, 10 μg/cm2 | 5 days | Rat alveolar type II epithelial cell line (RLE-6TN cells) | N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) | 5 μmol/L | Dysart et al. (2014) |
| Collected at Beijing, China, from January 19, 2015 to January 21, 2015 using 90-mm Emfab filter | 1, 5, 30 μg/cm2 | Single exposure: 1 day Repeated exposure: 7 days |
Human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells) | NAC | 100 μmol/L | Tripathi et al. (2018) |
| Collected at Changchun, China, from November 2015 to March 2016 using quartz filter | 25 μg/cm2 | 1, 6, 12, 24 h | Human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells) | NAC | 5 μmol/L | Song et al. (2017) |
| Ni ions were bought from Sigma, USA | Ni2+: 0.4 μmol/L | 24 h | Human lung cancer cell line (A549 cells) Human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5 cells) |
NAC | 5 mmol/L | Yang et al. (2018) |
| Collected at Guangzhou, China, using quartz filter | 20, 50, 100 μg/ml | 24 h | Human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC cells) | NAC | 1 mg/ml | Cui et al. (2018) |
| Bought from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA (the product label: SRM 2786) | 2.5, 5, 10 μg/ml | 24 h | Human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2 cells) Human primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) |
NAC | 1 mmol/L | Qiu et al. (2019) |
| Collected at Beijing, China, from January 2009 to June 2009 using nitrocellulose filter | 8, 16, 32, 64 μg/cm2 | 12, 24, 48 h | Human lung cancer cell line (A549 cells) | NAC | 5 mmol/L | Deng et al. (2017) |