Figure 1.
Association between malaria incidence and gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) purchasing power parity (PPP) over the period 2000–2017. The figure on the left (N = 2,948) shows the simple binned correlation between GDPpc PPP and malaria case incidence. This relationship remains after both variables are purged of the effect of institutions, trade–GDP ratio, country, and time effects (right, N = 2,948). For visual clarity, the figures group observations into equally sized “bins” based on log malaria incidence and plot the mean log malaria incidence with the respective mean log GDPpc PPP.