Table 1.

Description of variables used in the models

Variable	Description	Source
Economic variables
Log GDPpc PPP	Log of GDP per capita in PPP international dollars 2011	50
Log GDPpc PPP growth rate	Log of GDP per capita PPP annual growth rate	50
Industry growth rate	Annual growth rate of industry (2-digit Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities) value added	54
Labor share	Ratio of the wage bill over total industry value added	54
Malaria-related variable
Log malaria incidence	Log of malaria case incidence per 1,000 population	27
Log annual change incidence	Log of annual change in malaria case incidence per 1,000 population	27
Antimalarial treatment failure	Percentage of patients with malaria treatment failure (per protocol)	27,44
Insecticide resistance	Percentage of studies with resistance status classified as confirmed, possible, and susceptible	27,44
Institutional, socioeconomic, and geographical variables
Rule of Law	Country-specific annual score on aggregate Rule of Law indicator measuring the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society	50
Life expectancy at birth	Country-specific annual average number of years a newborn is expected to live	50
Years of schooling	Average number of years of schooling in population aged 15+ years	51
Colony	Dummy variable for whether the country was a colony	52
Landlocked	Dummy variable for whether the country is landlocked	52

GDPpc = gross domestic product per capita; PPP = purchasing power parity.