Table 4.
OLS and within regressions of log GDPpc PPP on log malaria incidence
| OLS 2000 (1) | OLS pooled (2) | Within all (3) | Within all (4) | Within non-SSA (5) | Within pre-2014 (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Log malaria incidence | −0.183*** [−0.263, −0.102] | −0.192*** [−0.234, −0.151] | −0.032** [−0.062, −0.001] | −0.027* [−0.056, 0.001] | −0.049** [−0.091, −0.007] | −0.035*** [−0.061, −0.009] |
| Colony | 0.517*** [0.373, 0.661] | −0.198** [−0.355, −0.042] | – | – | – | – |
| Landlocked | −0.185 [−0.504, 0.134] | −0.423*** [−0.562, −0.283] | – | – | – | – |
| Rule of Law | −0.420*** [−0.684, −0.155] | 0.486*** [0.405, 0.566] | 0.189*** [0.106, 0.273] | 0.196*** [0.113, 0.279] | 0.205*** [0.105, 0.304] | 0.150*** [0.052, 0.248] |
| Trade per cent of GDP | 0.002** [0.000, 0.004] | 0.002*** [0.001, 0.003] | −0.000 [−0.001, 0.000] | −0.001** [−0.001, −0.000] | −0.001** [−0.002, −0.000] | −0.001** [−0.001, −0.000] |
| Years of schooling | 0.066* [−0.007, 0.138] | 0.080*** [0.041, 0.118] | – | – | – | – |
| Year trend | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Year effects | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| R-squared | 0.776 | 0.794 | 0.514 | 0.533 | 0.551 | 0.499 |
| Number of observations | 132 | 400 | 2,948 | 2,948 | 2,222 | 2,266 |
| Number of countries | – | 136 | 180 | 180 | 135 | 180 |
GDPpc = gross domestic product per capita; PPP = purchasing power parity.
Note: OLS 2000 (1) is the closest specification to the Gallup and Sachs simple cross-sectional model; 95% CIs in brackets next to coefficients; * P < 0.10, ** P < 0.05, *** P < 0.01; Huber–White robust standard errors used for OLS and clustered at the country level for within estimations.