Table 1.
Parasite prevalence by detection method and subgroup
| Conventional malaria rapid diagnostic test–positive, % (n/N) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | Real-time PCR positive, % (n/N) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | Subpatent infections,* % (n/N) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 22.9 (813/3,547) | NA | 61.5 (2,180/3,547) | NA | 39.3 (1,395/3,547) | NA |
| Index children | ||||||
| Controls | 0 (0/419) | REF | 33.7 (141/419) | REF | 33.7 (141/419) | REF |
| Cases | 100 (360/360) | NA | 98.9 (356/360) | 2.94 (2.42–3.57) | 0 | NA |
| Household members† | 16.4 (453/2,768) | – | 60.8 (1,683/2,768) | – | 45.3 (1,254/2,768) | – |
| Controls | 10.3 (144/1,405) | REF | 44.6 (626/1,405) | REF | 35.1 (493/1,405) | REF |
| Cases | 22.7 (309/1,363) | 2.21 (1.82–2.70) | 77.6 (1,057/1,363) | 1.74 (1.58–1.92) | 55.8 (761/1,363) | 1.59 (1.42–1.78) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 5 | 14.6 (75/513) | REF | 58.1 (298/513) | REF | 44.6 (229/513) | REF |
| 5–15 | 26.6 (254/955) | 1.82 (1.41–2.35) | 65.3 (624/955) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 40.2 (384/955) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) |
| ≥ 15 | 9.5 (124/1,300) | 0.65 (0.49–0.87) | 58.5 (761/1,300) | 1.0 (0.88–1.15) | 49.3 (641/1,300) | 1.10 (0.95–1.28) |
NA = not applicable; REF = referent category.
* Defined as the proportion of real-time PCR-positive infections that were negative by cRDT.
† Excluding index children.