Table 2.
Proportions of adverse health and health care indicators of migrant women, and Swedish-born women
| Migrant women | Swedish-born women | Migrant women vs. Swedish-born women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 31 897a | N = 254 973a | RR | (95% CI) | RD per 1000 birth | (95% CI) | ||||
| % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | ||||||
| Maternal health in general | |||||||||
| Maternal poor self-rated health before pregnancy | 18.4 | (17.9 to 18.8) | 9.7 | (9.5 to 9.8) | 1.78 | (1.73 to 1.83) | 75.4 | (70.9 to 80.0) | |
| Indicators of perinatal health | |||||||||
| Maternal | |||||||||
| Pre-eclampsia | 1.7 | (1.6 to 1.9) | 3.2 | (3.1 to 3.2) | 0.70 | (0.64 to 0.77) | –9.1 | (–11.1 to –7.1) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 3.6 | (3.4 to 3.8) | 1.6 | (1.6 to 1.7) | 2.07 | (1.93 to 2.22) | 17.7 | (15.4 to 19.9) | |
| Severe postpartum haemorrhage (blood loss > 1000 ml) | 5.6 | (5.3 to 5.9) | 7.1 | (7.0 to 7.2) | 0.95 | (0.90 to 0.99) | –3.8 | (–7.1 to –0.5) | |
| Degree III–IV anal sphincter tearb | 2.6 | (2.4 to 2.8) | 2.4 | (2.4 to 2.5) | 1.83 | (1.70 to 1.97) | 23.2 | (19.7 to 26.7) | |
| Foetal | |||||||||
| Stillbirth | 0.6 | (0.6 to 0.7) | 0.3 | (0.2 to 0.3) | 2.24 | (1.89 to 2.66) | 3.3 | (2.4 to 4.3) | |
| Preterm birth | 4.4 | (4.1 to 4.6) | 4.9 | (4.8 to 4.9) | 0.92 | (0.87 to 0.97) | –3.8 | (–6.4 to –1.3) | |
| Preterm birth (ultrasound estimation) | 4.3 | (4.0 to 4.5) | 4.8 | (4.7 to 4.9) | 0.91 | (0.86 to 0.97) | –4.2 | (–6.8 to –1.7) | |
| Small for gestational age | 3.7 | (3.5 to 3.9) | 1.8 | ( .8 to 1.9) | 2.58 | (2.42 to 2.76) | 28.4 | (25.2 to 31.2) | |
| Birth weight < 2500 g | 3.7 | (3.5 to 3.9) | 2.9 | (2.9 to 3.0) | 1.46 | (1.36 to 1.55) | 12.8 | (10.2 to 15.3) | |
| Apgar score < 7 at 5 min | 2.2 | (2.0 to 2.3) | 1.4 | (1.3 to 1.4) | 1.77 | (1.62 to 1.93) | 10.2 | (8.2 to 12.1) | |
| Mean birth weight of term birth (grams) | 3, 469 | (3463 to 3475) | 3, 634 | (3632 to 3636) | –215 (–222 to –207) | ||||
| Indicators of perinatal health care | |||||||||
| Antenatal care usage | |||||||||
| Inadequate antenatal care visits | 7.3 | ( 7.0 to 7.6) | 6.6 | ( 6.5 to6.7) | 1.80 | (1.71 to 1.98) | 28.8 | (25.8 to 31.9) | |
| No ultrasound screening | 1·0 | ( 0.9 to 1.1) | 0·4 | ( 0.3 to 0.4) | 3.40 | ( 2.93 to 3.95) | 7.0 | ( 5.7 to 8.3) | |
| Use of professional translator in antenatal care | 47.2 | (46.6 to 47.8) | 1.0 | (1.0 to 1.1) | 1.86 | (1.81 to 1.91) | 387.2 | (365.8 to 408.6) | |
| Abnormal CTG at arriving delivery ward | 5.2 | (5.0 to 5.5) | 3.9 | (3.9 to 4.0) | 0.88 | (0.70 to 1.10) | –6.3 | (–16.8 to 4.3) | |
| Mode of delivery | |||||||||
| Non-instrumental vaginal | 77.6 | (77.1 to 78.0) | 78.2 | (78.0 to 78.3) | 0.90 | (0.89 to 0.91) | –77.7 | (–83.6 to –71.9) | |
| Instrumental vaginal | 5.0 | (4.7 to 5.2) | 5.7 | (5.6 to 5.8) | 1.42 | (1.35 to 1.49) | 22.7 | (19.0 to 26.5) | |
| Planned Caesarean section | 7.3 | (7.0 to 7.6) | 6.9 | (6.8 to 7.0) | 1.12 | (1.07 to 1.17) | 8.3 | (5.0 to 11.6) | |
| Unplanned Caesarean section | 10.1 | (9.8 to 10.5) | 9.3 | (9.2 to 9.4) | 1.53 | (1.47 to 1.58) | 46.7 | (42.1 to 51.3) | |
| Postpartum care usage | |||||||||
| Missing postpartum visit | 39.6 | (39.0 to 40.1) | 24.9 | (24.8 to 25.1) | 1.40 | (1.38 to 1.43) | 103.9 | (98.0 to 109.7) | |
All models adjusted for maternal age and parity in quadratic forms. Bold values indicate P < 0.05.
aExcluded women with missing data on maternal age or parity.
bExcluded all births delivered through Caesarean section.