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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2019;53(1):215–228. doi: 10.33594/000000131

Figure 5: Effect of TES on regulating [Ca2+]i in human ASM cells in zero extracellular calcium environment during TNFα and IL-13 exposure.

Figure 5:

A) Effect of TES on regulating [Ca2+]i in non-asthmatic human ASM cells (male and female) and B) Effect of TES on regulating [Ca2+]i in asthmatic human ASM cells (male and female). TNFα and IL-13 significantly increased the [Ca2+]i response to histamine in non-asthmatic and asthmatic human ASM cells compared to vehicle. This increase in [Ca2+]i was significantly inhibited in ASM cells treated with TES, while ASM cells exposed to Flutamide before TES administration did not show any significant downregulation of TNFα/IL-13 induced increase in [Ca2+]i. ###p<0.001 vs. vehicle, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 vs. cytokines. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. n=3 patients each.