Table 2.
Associations between Sociodemographic, Health Vvariables and Current and Former Tobacco Use
| Variable | Current tobacco user ARRR (95% CI)1 | Former tobacco user ARRR (95% CI)1 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 50-59 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 60-69 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.05) | 1.29 (0.98, 1.70) |
| 70 and over | 1.03 (0.72, 1.46) | 2.92 (1.94, 4.39)*** |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Male | 71.54 (54.50, 93.92)*** | 66.09 (44.71, 97.72)*** |
| Education | ||
| None or elementary | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| High school or Higher education | 0.68 (0.55, 0.85)*** | 0.90 (0.68, 1.19) |
| Subjective economic background | ||
| Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Medium | 0.80 (0.64, 1.00) | 1.25 (0.92, 1.71) |
| Rich | 0.62 (0.48, 0.80)*** | 0.88 (0.62, 1.26) |
| Residence | ||
| Rural | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Urban | 0.75 (0.61, 0.01)** | 1.11 (0.85, 1.46) |
| Region | ||
| Sumatra | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Java | 0.50 (0.39, 0.63)*** | 0.35 (0.26, 0.48)*** |
| Major island groups | 0.42 (0.32, 0.56)*** | 0.43 (0.30, 0.62)*** |
| Health variables | ||
| Overweight or obese | 0.52 (0.43, 0.64)*** | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) |
| High total cholesterol or LDL | 0.97 (0.69, 1.37) | 1.55 (1.04, 2.30)* |
| Hypertension | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) | 1.13 (0.87, 1.46) |
| Stroke | 0.33 (0.16, 0.67)** | 0.97 (0.47, 1.98) |
| Heart problems | 0.60 (0.35, 1.05) | 1.89 (1.11. 3.23)* |
| Arthritis/rheumatism | 0.98 (0.72, 1.33) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.29) |
| Diabetes | 0.73 (0.51, 1.06) | 1.08 (0.69, 1.70) |
| Asthma | 1.14 (0.63, 2.08) | 2.24 (1.19, 4.23)* |
| Other lung conditions | 0.38 (0.20, 0.71)** | 1.34 (0.73, 2.44) |
| Cancer or malignant tumour | 2.69 (1.12, 6.47)* | 1.96 (0.64, 6.03) |
| Stomach/digestive diseases | 1.10 (0.81, 1.51) | 1.64 (1.11, 2.45)* |
| Depression symptoms | 1.43 (1.08, 1.62)* | 0.96 (0.66, 1.40) |
| Poor self-rated health | 1.09 (0.87, 1.36) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.46) |
| Cognitive functioning | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) |
| Functional disability | 1.32 (1.06, 1.65)* | 1.62 (1.22, 2.14)*** |
| Infrequent fruit and vegetable consumption | 1.31 (1.06, 1.62)* | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) |
ARRR, Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio; 1All variables in the Table are adjusted for; ***P<0.001; **P<0.01; *P<0.05