Table 4.
Place Characteristic | No Majority |
White Dominant |
White Shared |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Partial |
Full |
Partial |
Full |
Partial |
Full |
|||||||
b | (SE) | b | (SE) | b | (SE) | b | (SE) | b | (SE) | b | (SE) | |
RUC Category [ref: Rural distant (9)] | ||||||||||||
Super metro (1a) | 1.714 | (.184) *** | 0.314 | (.208) | −1.869 | (.069) *** | −1.638 | (.102) *** | 1.325 | (.069) *** | 0.351 | (.083) *** |
Large metro (1b) | 0.783 | (.193) *** | −0.158 | (.209) | −0.666 | (.063) *** | −0.219 | (.090) * | 0.767 | (.069) *** | 0.139 | (.078) |
Medium metro (2) | 0.495 | (.193) * | −0.568 | (.206) ** | −0.742 | (.061) *** | −0.135 | (.086) | 0.702 | (.067) *** | 0.043 | (.075) |
Small metro (3) | 0.202 | (.205) | −0.416 | (.217) | −0.285 | (.064) *** | 0.119 | (.088) | 0.467 | (.070) *** | 0.058 | (.077) |
High-urban proximate (4) | 0.132 | (.218) | −0.337 | (.229) | −0.191 | (.067) ** | 0.060 | (.093) | 0.230 | (.074) ** | 0.025 | (.081) |
High-urban distant (5) | 1.253 | (.221) *** | 0.422 | (.236) | −0.745 | (.089) *** | 0.000 | (.122) | 0.535 | (.094) *** | 0.001 | (.103) |
Low-urban proximate (6) | 0.556 | (.194) ** | 0.186 | (.205) | −0.255 | (.062) *** | −0.011 | (.085) | 0.215 | (.069) ** | 0.038 | (.075) |
Low-urban distant (7) | −0.236 | (.233) | −0.568 | (.241) * | −0.143 | (.067) * | 0.241 | (.091) ** | 0.095 | (.075) | −0.101 | (.081) |
Rural proximate (8) | −0.571 | (.340) | −0.721 | (.350) * | −0.120 | (.085) | 0.122 | (.114) | 0.190 | (.093) * | 0.038 | (.101) |
Region (ref: Midwest) | ||||||||||||
Northeast | 0.815 | (.161) *** | 0.186 | (.055) *** | 0.193 | (.048) *** | ||||||
South | 1.775 | (.136) *** | −2.316 | (.044) *** | 1.331 | (.038) *** | ||||||
West | 1.385 | (.145) *** | −2.221 | (.054) *** | 1.098 | (.044) *** | ||||||
% Foreign-born (In) | 0.547 | (.029) *** | −0.548 | (.012) *** | 0.216 | (.009) *** | ||||||
% 65+ years | −0.051 | (.007) *** | 0.084 | (.003) *** | −0.003 | (.002) | ||||||
% New housing (In) | −0.032 | (.025) | 0.011 | (.011) | 0.051 | (.010) *** | ||||||
% Rental housing | 0.023 | (.002) *** | −0.037 | (.002) *** | 0.012 | (.001) *** | ||||||
Rent burden (In) | 0.025 | (.036) | 0.024 | (.012) * | 0.062 | (.010) *** | ||||||
Median income (In) | 0.145 | (.115) | 0.549 | (.055) *** | 0.596 | (.045) *** | ||||||
% Unemployed | 0.022 | (.005) *** | −0.028 | (.002) *** | −0.011 | (.002) *** | ||||||
Occupational diversity | 0.029 | (.004) *** | 0.014 | (.001) *** | −0.005 | (.001) *** | ||||||
Government hub | 0.172 | (.093) | −0.538 | (.050) *** | −0.021 | (.041) | ||||||
Military hub | −0.070 | (.133) | −0.154 | (.088) | 0.348 | (.066) *** | ||||||
Education hub | −0.638 | (.216) ** | −0.005 | (.115) | 0.728 | (.090) *** | ||||||
Corrections hub | 0.311 | (.111) ** | −0.467 | (.082) *** | 0.462 | (.061) *** | ||||||
Intercept | −3.776 | (.176) *** | −9.448 | (1.431) *** | 0.466 | (.054) *** | −5.660 | (.643) *** | −1.067 | (.060) *** | −7.920 | (.531) *** |
−2 Log Likelihood | 9276 | 7482 | 35879 | 22562 | 34907 | 30761 |
Notes: p < .001; p < .01; p < 05. N = 27,163. See text for operationalization of place characteristics.