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. 2019 Dec 6;9:18545. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53867-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relaxin increases CV and reduces collagen in aged LV. (A) (a) RLX treatment resulted in a significant increase in CV during steady pacing (S1:S1). (b) CV restitution kinetics measured by programmed stimulation with premature pulses (S2 beats) was significantly increased by RLX, particularly during fast pacing times. *Indicates P < 0.05. 20x magnification (B) LV tissue sections were stained with Picro-sirius red and imaged on an Olympus Provis Light Microscope. The collagen to tissue ratio was significantly reduced in RLX (Bb, n = 6) treated animals compared to control (Ba, n = 5) by 23%. (C) LV tissue stained for Nav1.5 showed that RLX (Cb, n = 6) significantly increased Nav1.5 expression compared to control hearts (Ca, n = 5). 600x magnification, scale bars = 25 µm and apply to all panels.