Table 2.
Effects of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glycemic variability on clinical outcomes.
| Outcomes | Hypoglycemia | p | Hyperglycemia | p | Glycemic variability | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | <40 mg/dL | >40 mg/dL | ||||
| (n = 480) | (n = 62) | (n = 350) | (n = 192) | (n = 125) | (n = 417) | ||||
| Mortality (n, %) | 172 (35.8) | 34 (54.8) | 0.004 | 122 (34.9) | 85 (44.3) | 0.031 | 42 (33.6) | 165 (39.5) | 0.228 |
| Need for RRT (n, %) | 107 (22.3) | 28 (45.1) | <0.001 | 81 (23.1) | 55 (28.6) | 0.158 | 18 (14.4) | 118 (28.3) | 0.002 |
| Shock incidence (n, %) | 172 (35.8) | 39 (62.9) | <0.001 | 128 (36.6) | 84 (43.7) | 0.101 | 39 (31.2) | 173 (41.4) | 0.039 |
| Need for MV (n, %) | 276 (57.5) | 45 (72.6) | 0.024 | 195 (55.7) | 127 (66.1) | 0.018 | 64 (51.2) | 258 (61.8) | 0.033 |
| Time on MV (days) | 4 (2 to 8) | 2 (1 to 6) | 0.365 | 4 (1 to 8) | 4 (2 to 7.7) | 0.014 | 4.5 (1.2 to 9) | 4 (1 to 8) | 0.17 |
| LOS, hospital (days) | 21 (11 to 36) | 14 (5 to 30) | 0.024 | 21 (11 to 37) | 17.5 (8 to 33.5) | 0.498 | 22 (12–35) | 19 (9 to 36) | 0.575 |
| LOS, ICU (days) | 7 (4 to 12) | 5 (2 to 8.5) | 0.117 | 7 (3 to 12) | 7 (4 to 11) | 0.183 | 8 (4 to 12.7) | 7 (3 to 11) | 0.898 |
| ICU readmission (n, %) | 64 (13.3) | 4 (6.5%) | 0.123 | 41 (11.7) | 27 (14) | 0.43 | 14 (11.2) | 54 (12.9) | 0.604 |
RRT: renal replacement therapy; MV: mechanical ventilation; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit. Hypoglycemia was defined as any serum or capillary glucose <70 mg/dL during the first ICU day. Hyperglycemia was defined as any serum glucose >140 mg/dL at ICU admission. Glycemic variability was calculated as the absolute difference in capillary blood glucose during the first ICU day. Values are mean ± SD or median and interquartile range.