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. 2019 Dec 6;9:18499. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55083-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flow chart of the in situ experiments. Thereby, every volunteer (n = 12) rinsed with the different fluoride solutions and the stannous chloride solution at different days (2-day wash out period between the different experiments). After oral overnight exposure for 8 h, the specimens were removed and used for the experiments (DAPI, BacLight) irrespective of their position on the splint. The experiments for TEM and EDX analysis took place with selected subjects (n = 2). The statistical analysis was performed for the number of adherent bacteria and glucans with the Kruskal-Wallis-test, the Mann Whitney-U-test and the Bonferroni-Holm-correction.